Pre-O-Net3 (Reading)

                      Unit 1  :  Pre-O-Net

                                 Pre-O-Net3 (Reading)

3.  เทคนิคการทำข้อสอบ  "Reading"  มีดังนี้

- อ่านให้เห็นภาพกว้าง ๆ

- ตัด Choice ที่คิดว่าไม่ใช่ออกไป

- Reading พวก graph, chart พวกพยายามดูตัวเลข ข้อมูล และไปดูคำตอบใน choice

- ไม่จำเป็นต้องทำเรียงข้อ ข้อที่ทำได้ง่ายก่อนคือ ข้อที่ถามพวกตัวเลข

- ไม่ต้องแปลทุกตัวพยายามเก็บ keywords ที่สำคัญ

- อ่านคำถาม > ตอบตัวเองก่อน > ไล่ดูตัวเลือกที่ตรงใจ

           การอ่าน เป็นทักษะที่ต้องใช้เวลาในการอ่าน  มีทั้งเนื้อหาที่เยอะมาก นักเรียนต้องอ่านแข่งกับเวลา  ดังนั้นควรมีเทคนิคการอ่านที่ดีช่วยให้ใช้เวลาน้อย จับใจความได้ง่าย  แบ่งการอ่าน ได้แก่  การอ่านเพื่อหาหัวข้อเรื่อง  (Topic)  และ การอ่านเพื่อหาใจความหลัก (Main Idea)

1.  การอ่านเพื่อหาหัวข้อเรื่อง  (Topic)

Topic  คือสิ่งที่ผู้เขียนต้องการสื่อหรือ นำเสนอในแต่ละย่อหน้า  เรื่องที่อ่านเกี่ยวกับอะไร  พูดถึงอะไรโดยไม่จำเป็นต้องทราบข้อมูลละเอียด  สิ่งที่ผู้เขียนกล่าวถึงมากที่สุดคือที่มาของ  Topic

            In the United States orange juice is one of the most popular cold drinks.  Most of the oranges for juice grow in Florida.  In many homes around the country, orange is always served at breakfast time.  It is always a favorite snack at any time of the day.  When there is bad weather in Florida, the whole country knows about it.  Bad weather in Florida means fewer oranges.  And that means more expensive orange juice!

            The paragraph is about……

a.       cold drinks in the United States.

b.      Bottled orange juice.

c.       Orange juice in the United States.

ในสหรัฐอเมริกา น้ำส้มเป็นเครื่องดื่มที่คนนิยมดื่มกันมาก ส้มส่วนใหญ่ปลูกในฟลอริดา  และในหลายครัวเรือนดื่มน้ำส้มเวลาอาหารเช้า  นอกจากน้ำส้มยังนิยมใช้ดื่มแทนอาหารว่างในระหว่างวันอีกด้วย  เมื่อใดก็ตามที่อากาศที่ฟลอริดาไม่ดี  คนทั้งประเทศก็จะตระหนักว่า  สิ่งนั้นหมายถึงผลผลิตส้มนั้นน้อยลงไปด้วยและน้ำส้มก็มีราคาแพงนั่นเอง  ดังนั้นจะเห็นว่าข้อที่ถูกคือข้อ  C

Note Topic  ที่ดีต้องครอบคลุมสิ่งที่พูดถึงอย่างครบถ้วน แต่ไม่ลงในรายละเอียดมากเกินไป

เช่น  football,  basketball, tennis,  swimming,  sports. 

Topic ของกลุ่มคำนี้คือ  sports

Exercise  :  Reading (Topic)

Exercise  I  :  Circle  or  underline the topic of these words.

1.      red,  yellow,  green,  white,  blue,  color

2.      Thailand,  Malaysia,  Singapore,  Japan,  China,  Asia

3.      Air-conditioner,  electric fan,  rice cooker,  washing machine,  electrical appliances,  vacuum cleaner

4.      Mother,  sister,  father,  brother,  grandmother,  family,  grandfather

5.      Cancer,  heart attack, diabetes,  Aids,  cold,  disease,  fever

6.      Guitar,  piano,  violin,  trumpet,  saxophone,  musical instrument,  flute

7.      Stationery,  pencil,  pen,  ruler,  paper,  eraser,  glue,  clip

8.      Doctor,  teacher,  occupation,  detective,  salesman,  technician

9.      Bridge,  church,  tower,  skyscraper,  road,  constructions

10.  Cloud,  weather,  lightning  rain,  sunshine,  frost,  snow

11.  Africa,  Europe,  Australia,  North America,  continent,  Asia

12.  Balcony,  clothes-line fence,  house,  roof,  bedroom,  verandah, garage, bathroom

13.  Bag,  basket,  luggage,  briefcase,  container,  sack,  tank

14.  Watching T.V.,  listening to music,  dancing,  going to the movies,  jogging,  collecting stamps,  recreation

15.  Bear,  camel,  elephant,  lion,  mammal,  monkey,  tiger whale

Exercise  II  :  Circle  or  underline the topic of these phrases.

16.  a.  going dancing at a disco

b.         reading a book

c.          having a picnic in the country

d.         spending free time

17. a.  restoring an old house

b.      repairing the fence

c.       painting the bedroom

d.      having an air-conditioner serviced

18.  a.  being in the Navy

b.      serving one’s country

c.       being a member of the armed forces

d.      serving as an ambassador

19.  a.  reducing income tax rates

b.      following the service guide

c.       increasing interest rates

d.      running a country’s economy

20.  a.  looking after a motor vehicle

b.      following the service guide

c.       maintaining the engine

d.      caring for the bodywork

21.  a.  studying the physical conditions of pandas in remote areas

b.      concentrating undernourished pandas in collection areas

c.       searching for bamboo, the important diet of pandas

d.      ensuring the survival of the Great panda

22.  a.  haircuts to suit the contours of the face

b.      permanent waves

c.       manicures and pedicures

d.      beauty-salon services

23.  a.  fast driving

b.      drinking while driving

c.       violating traffic rules

d.      reasons for car accident

24.  a.  easy to clean

b.      cheaper to furnish

c.       relatively inexpensive

d.      advantages of small apartment

25.  a.  purchasing maps

b.      making an itinerary

c.       planning a trip

d.      reserving a ticket

Exercise  III  :  Choose the best topic.

The first known Olympics were held in Olympia, Greece, in 776 B.C.  The ancient Greeks prized physical fitness and athletic ability, and held the games to honor their gods.  The games were stopped in A.D. 394 by the Romans, who had conquered the Greeks.

      The first Olympics in modern times were held in 1896, and the Winter Olympics were added in 1924.  Both the winter and Summer Olympics are held every four years.                   

1.  This passage is about

a.  the ancient Greeks

b.      physical fitness

c.       the Olympics

        Physiologists tell us that approximately 3,500 calories equal on pound of fat.  It doesn’t matter what type of food is eaten-nutritious food or ‘junk’ –it all contains calories, and they all count.  So if 100calories remains unburned at the end of each ay for 35 days, the body will gain one pound of fat.  By the end of this year, the body will have gained 10 pounds at the rate.  This is the cumulative nature of weight gain.                          

2. This passage is about

a.       junk food.

b.      Why people gain weight.

c.       How calories are burned up.

Speech is not the only way human beings communicate.  Suppose you are speaking to someone you dislike.  Your words are polite, but the message you send along with those words probably tell the other person that you are not friendly.  The tone of your voice,  the expression on your face,  the gestures you make, the way you hold your body, the distance between the two of you, and the amount of time you spend looking into the other person’s eyes, all signal your feelings and betray your words.           

           

3. This passage is about

a.       good manners.

b.      Speech

c.       Communication signals

Mexico City is a popular place for tourists.  Every year thousands of people go to Mexico City. They visit the old and beautiful building in this city.  In the museums they learn about the history of Mexico.  And in the restaurants they enjoy the spicy and delicious Mexican food.            

4.  The paragraph is about

a.       Mexican food

b.      Mexico

c.       Mexico City

All around the world large cites have the same problem.  The problem is air pollution.  Mexico City has very bad air.  The air there is dirty and very unhealthy.  Cars are one reason for the drive in the city.  The factories in the area also cause air pollution.  These factories put a lot of smoke into the air.  It is not easy to clean up the air in a large city.  The government has to make new laws and everyone has to help.                       

5.  The paragraph is about

a.       air pollution.

b.      Mexico City’s air pollution.

c.       How factories cause air pollution.

             The evening news on television is very popular with many Americans.  They like to find out what is happening in the world.  On television they can see real people and places.  The believe it is easier than reading the newspaper.  Many people think television makes the news seem more real.  They also think the news on the television is more interesting. The television news reporters sometimes tell funny stories and even jokes.  This makes the news about wars and crime seem less terrible.                                           

      6.  The paragraph is about

a.       why news programs have funny stories.

b.      Why Americans like television news.

c.       What is happening in the world.

It is easy to make a good cup of tea.  Just follow these steps.  First, boil some

water. Next, put some hot water in the tea pot to warm it.  Pour the water out of the pot and put in some tea leaves.  You will need one teaspoon of tea leaves for each cup of tea you want.  Then pour the boiling water into the tea pot.  Cover the pot and wait for a few minutes. Now the tea is ready to drink.

      7.  The paragraph is about

a.       good tea.

b.      How much tea to use.

c.       How to make good tea.

  2.  การอ่านเพื่อหาใจความหลัก  (Main Idea)

Main Idea  คือใจความสำคัญของแต่ละย่อหน้า  เป็นสิ่งที่ผู้เขียนต้องการสื่อให้ทราบและเชื่อโดยใช้ทุกวิถีทางในการชักจูงด้วยการหาข้อความมาสนับสนุน supporting details  ถ้าต้องการทราบใจความสำคัญอยู่ไหนให้ถามตัวเองว่าข้อความที่ถามต่อไปนี้มีความเชื่อถือมากน้อยแค่ไหน และเชื่อได้อย่างไร   ตำแหน่งของใจความหลัก  ส่วนใหญ่จะอยู่ในช่วง 2-3  บรรทัดแรกของบทความ หรือประโยคสุดท้ายของแต่ละบทความ

ลักษณะของใจความหลักที่ดี

1.      ต้องครอบคลุมในสิ่งที่กล่าวถึงในแต่ละย่อหน้า

2.      ต้องมีข้อความสนับสนุน

3.      ต้องไม่กว้างเกินไป

4.      ต้องถามด้วยคำถามดังกล่าวในขณะอ่าน

5.      ห้ามนำประสบการณ์มาคิดเองแต่ให้หาข้อมูลจากย่อหน้าที่อ่านเท่านั้น

ตัวอย่างเช่น  One major benefit of the computer is that it stores a lot of information in a small space.  For example,  the latest edition of the Encyclopedia Britanica contains 43 million words in 30 volumes.  All 43 million words will fit in a computer memory measuring one-tenth of a cubic inch-about the size of a match head

 What is the main idea of the passage?

a.         The Encyclopedia Britanica contains 43 million words.

b.         Computers store a lot of information in small spaces.

c.         Computers are smarter than people.

 Exercise  :  Reading (Main Idea)

Exercise  I  :  Choose the Main idea.

The computer’s ability to process information at high speed means that when we request information, we get a response very quickly, often in less than a second.  Using the computer to grade a quiz would get the result back to you more rapidly and save your teacher’s time since there would be no tests to grade by hand.  The implications of the computer’s quick feedback are obvious.  If fast answers help us to learn better, then the  nearly instantaneous answers that we get from the computer can be of great help in our education.

      1.  What is the main idea of the passage?

a. Computers can answer any question.

b.  Computers grade quizzes better than teachers.

c.  Education can be helped greatly by computers.

Of all the athletic activities that adults can engage in, swimming is one of the healthiest.  Not everyone would agree that  swimming is fun, but few would deny that it is excellent exercise.  Vigorous swimming-be it the crawl or the backstroke-involves all the muscles in the body, including the crucial stomach muscles, and promotes flexibility of the large muscle group.

2.  What is the main idea of the passage?

a.       Not everyone thinks that swimming is fun.

b.      Swimming involves all the muscles in the body.

c.       Swimming is one of the healthiest forms of exercise.

Being on time for the interview is…a must.  The applicant who arrives a few minutes early has a tremendous advantage over the person who shows up late,  blurting out apologies.  Allow yourself extra time in case there’s a subway delay or a bus breakdown.  If your interview is in an unfamiliar place,  make a trial run beforehand and time yourself.  Arriving a few minutes early will give you a bonus, a few minutes to collect your thoughts and give a last look at your grooming.

3.  What is the main idea of the passage?

a.         Always call the interviewer if there is a subway delay or a bus breakdown.

b.         Apologize if you are late for an interview.

c.         It is important to be prompt for an interview.

The misuse of drugs in not new.  Primitive people found that some plants could change their behavior.  These drugs were use to make people “high”  during religious rites, or ceremonies.  Some drugs, such as hashish, were used to prepare soldiers for battle.  More than 4,500 years ago marijuana was known to the Chinese  The Chinese took marijuana,  thinking it would cure constipation and absent-mindedness.

4.  What is the  main idea of the passage?

a.       Drugs have been used for a long time.

b.      Drugs were used thousands of yours ago for things besides curing sickness.

c.       Drugs have been used during religious rites.

The reasons people abuse drugs are as different as people are from one another.  People take drugs to change the way they feel: to feel better,  to feel happy,  to feel nothing, to forget, to remember,  to be accepted,  to be sociable.  T be something different than what they are. Drugs may seem like the best way t change a mood, to stop physical or mental pain, to increase self-assurance, to appear independent,  daring or even attractive.

5.  What is the  main idea of the passage?

a.       Everyone likes to be different.

b.      People abuse drugs for different reasons.

c.       The effects of drugs don’t last long.

Working at a part-time job while studying at a university has many advantages.  If students can get a job in their area of study, they are gaining valuable experience and putting their knowledge to use immediately.  The extra money they can earn will be useful for meeting tuition fees and enjoying university activities.  Also, they will have the personal satisfaction of having contributed to their own education.

6.   What is the  main idea of the passage?

a.       Students gain valuable experience from working part-time.

b.      The advantages of working part-time and studying at the same time.

c.       The ways to meet tuition fees and enjoy university’s activities.

                                                                                                        ➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤
                                                                                                                                ➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤

Brave actiuons never want trumpet. 

การกระทำอันกล้าหาญ ไม่จำเป็นต้องป่าวประกาศให้ใครรู้

Good manners are part and parcel of a good education. 

กิริยามารยาทที่สุภาพเรียบร้อย เป็นส่วนสำคัญจากการได้รับการศึกษาดี

➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤

➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤➤

Kru Noi Patcharin  Kanwana

The English Teacher